Hashártyaüreg

Hashártyaüreg refers to the peritoneal cavity, the space within the abdomen that is lined by the peritoneum. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that forms two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the abdominal organs. The space between these two layers is the peritoneal cavity. In males, this cavity is completely enclosed. In females, it communicates with the outside environment through the fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina.

The peritoneal cavity normally contains a small amount of serous fluid, known as peritoneal fluid, which acts as a lubricant, allowing organs to move freely against each other and the abdominal wall during digestion and respiration. This cavity houses most of the abdominal organs, including the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and reproductive organs. Organs can be described as being intraperitoneal (suspended within the cavity by mesenteries) or retroperitoneal (lying behind the peritoneum).

Conditions affecting the hashártyaüreg include peritonitis, which is inflammation of the peritoneum, often caused by infection or irritation. Ascites, the accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity, is another common condition. Surgical procedures within the abdomen often involve entering or manipulating the peritoneal cavity. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the hashártyaüreg is crucial for diagnosing and treating a wide range of abdominal pathologies.