Harriers

Harriers are birds of prey in the subfamily Circinae, most of them placed in the genus Circus. They are medium-sized raptors with long legs, broad wings, and a relatively slender build. Plumage varies by species, and many harriers show a pale rump patch visible in flight. In many species, males and females differ in color, with females typically browner.

Harriers hunt by flying low over open ground, wetlands, and grasslands, watching for small mammals, birds, amphibians, and insects. They often glide or soar with intermittent hovering or kiting to locate prey, relying on keen eyesight and hearing. Nests are shallow cups placed in grasses or shrubs; clutches usually contain four to seven eggs, incubated by both parents until fledging after several weeks.

They occur across vast regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, preferring open landscapes such as pasture, farmland, and marsh. Well-known species include the European marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and the hen or northern harrier (Circus cyaneus). Some populations migrate seasonally. Conservation status varies by species and region, with habitat loss and agricultural intensification affecting several populations.

Harrier also refers to a family of jet aircraft descended from the Hawker Siddeley Harrier. These aircraft are noted for vertical takeoff and landing and short takeoffs, achieved through thrust vectoring. Variants include the AV-8B Harrier II used by the United States Marine Corps and the Sea Harrier used by the Royal Navy; production ended in the late 20th century, later replaced by newer designs in many air forces.