Halogenaatio
Halogenaatio, or halogenation, is a class of chemical reactions in which a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine) is introduced into a molecule. The process can involve substitution on saturated substrates, addition to unsaturated systems, or electrophilic substitution on aromatic rings. Halogenation products are widely used as intermediates in organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals, polymers and materials.
For saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes and related compounds), halogenation is typically a substitution reaction that replaces a
For unsaturated substrates such as alkenes or alkynes, halogenation usually occurs by electrophilic addition across the
Arenes and other activated aromatic systems are halogenated primarily by electrophilic aromatic substitution, often using X2
Safety and handling considerations are important in halogenation, due to the toxicity and corrosiveness of halogens