Hafts

Haft refers to the handle or shaft of a tool or weapon to which a head or blade is attached. The term is used in everyday language and in archaeology, where hafting describes the attachment process that joins blade, point, or head to a shaft or handle. A well-made haft enables grip, balance, and the efficient transfer of force between the head and the user’s hand.

Materials used for hafts have varied widely. Traditional hafts are wooden, often made from species such as ash, hickory, or oak for strength and resilience. In some prehistoric contexts, hafts were made from bone or horn. Modern hafts may incorporate metal, plastic, or composite materials, and some tools use a combination of a wooden or synthetic shaft with a metal head. The haft is typically shaped to fit the hand, with length, taper, and curvature affecting leverage, control, and shock absorption.

Attachment methods have also varied. A head may be secured to a tang or socket, reinforced with bindings such as sinew or rawhide, and held in place with adhesives, wedges, or metal ferrules. Proper hafting prevents the head from loosening and helps distribute impact forces to reduce breakage or injury.

Examples of hafted tools and weapons include axes, hatchets, knives, and spears. Across cultures and eras, haft designs reflect available materials, intended use, and environmental conditions. Proper maintenance—inspecting for cracks, ensuring secure attachment, and replacing worn hafts—extends the life of hafted implements.