HXB2

HXB2, also known as HIV-1 HXB2 or HXB2_LAI, is a well-characterized molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It is one of the most extensively studied HIV-1 strains in research laboratories worldwide. HXB2 was derived from the LAI strain, which was originally isolated from a patient in France in 1983.

The complete genome sequence of HXB2 was published in 1991, making it one of the earliest fully sequenced HIV-1 genomes. This detailed genetic information has been invaluable for understanding HIV-1 biology, replication mechanisms, and for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. HXB2 is classified as a group M, subtype B virus, which is prevalent in North America and Europe.

Researchers use HXB2 in various experimental settings, including studies of viral entry, reverse transcription, integration, gene expression, and viral pathogenesis. Its well-defined genetic makeup and consistent behavior in cell culture make it a reliable reference strain for comparative studies. Furthermore, HXB2 has been instrumental in the development of various research tools, such as reporter viruses and pseudotyped viruses, used to study viral infectivity and drug resistance. The availability of the HXB2 sequence has also facilitated the design of primers and probes for diagnostic tests and the development of vaccines.