HVLP

HVLP, or High-Volume, Low-Pressure, is a spray technology used to apply paints and coatings. It relies on delivering a large volume of air at a relatively low pressure to atomize the coating, producing a controlled spray with reduced velocity. This combination lowers overspray and solvent loss, increasing transfer efficiency compared with traditional high-pressure spray guns.

Operation typically involves a turbine unit or a regulated compressor feeding air to the spray gun. The coating is atomized at the nozzle where air pressure is kept low, producing a fan-shaped spray pattern. Nozzle sizes commonly range from about 1.0 to 1.4 mm for general finishing; larger or smaller sizes are used for primers or detailed work.

HVLP is often contrasted with LVLP (low-volume, low-pressure) and conventional spray guns. LVLP uses even lower air volume, while conventional systems rely on higher nozzle pressures, often resulting in more overspray.

Applications and advantages: HVLP is popular in automotive refinishing, woodworking, cabinetry, furniture finishing, marine coatings, and other fine-finishing work where finish quality and reduced VOC emissions are important. Advantages include improved transfer efficiency, reduced overspray, better control, and a smoother finish with lower environmental impact.

Limitations and considerations: A capable air supply is required, which can be provided by turbines or larger compressors. Large area coverage may be slower, and initial equipment cost or maintenance can be higher than for some conventional systems. Proper ventilation and personal protective equipment are recommended.