HMGCoAreduktashämmare

HMG-CoA reduktashämmare, often referred to as statiner, are a class of drugs primarily used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. They work by inhibiting the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme is crucial in the liver's production of cholesterol, catalyzing the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. By blocking this enzyme, statins reduce the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver.

The reduction in liver cholesterol prompts the liver cells to increase the number of LDL receptors on their surface. These receptors are responsible for taking up low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from the bloodstream. Consequently, statins effectively lower circulating LDL cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. In addition to their cholesterol-lowering effects, statins can also have pleiotropic effects, which are beneficial actions beyond cholesterol reduction. These include anti-inflammatory properties, improved endothelial function, and plaque stabilization, all of which contribute to cardiovascular risk reduction.

Statins are widely prescribed to individuals with high cholesterol, as well as those who have had a heart attack, stroke, or have other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Common side effects can include muscle pain, liver enzyme elevations, and gastrointestinal disturbances, although most individuals tolerate statins well. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is recommended to assess efficacy and manage potential side effects.