HLAtüübi

HLAtüübi refers to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type of an individual. HLA molecules are proteins found on the surface of most cells in the body, playing a crucial role in the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self. They are a key component of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in humans. The genes responsible for producing HLA molecules are highly polymorphic, meaning there are many different versions (alleles) of these genes within the human population. This genetic diversity is essential for the immune system to recognize and respond to a wide array of pathogens.

An individual inherits a unique set of HLA alleles from each parent, resulting in a specific HLA type. This HLA type is determined by the combination of alleles for various HLA genes, such as HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP. The precise combination of these alleles is unique to each person, with the exception of identical twins.

Understanding an individual's HLAtüübi is important in several medical contexts. It is critical for organ and bone marrow transplantation, as a close match between the donor's and recipient's HLA types significantly reduces the risk of rejection. HLAtüübi is also used in disease association studies, as certain HLA types are linked to an increased susceptibility or resistance to specific autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. Genetic testing can determine a person's HLAtüübi.