HIVfertzés

HIVfertzés, also known as HIV infection or AIDS, is a viral infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It primarily affects the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections and diseases. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, and can also be transmitted through blood transfusions and medical equipment that is not properly sterilized.

The incubation period for HIV can range from a few weeks to several years, during which the virus replicates and destroys CD4 cells. Once the CD4 count falls below a certain threshold, typically 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood, the individual is diagnosed with AIDS. At this stage, the immune system is severely compromised, making the person more susceptible to opportunistic infections and cancers.

There is no cure for HIV, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively manage the virus, allowing infected individuals to live long and healthy lives. ART involves a combination of drugs that inhibit the replication of the virus, helping to maintain a high CD4 count and reducing the viral load in the body. Regular medical check-ups and adherence to ART are essential for managing HIV and preventing the progression to AIDS.

Prevention of HIVfertzés involves safe sex practices, including the use of condoms, regular testing, and avoiding the sharing of needles or other medical equipment. Education and awareness campaigns play a crucial role in reducing the spread of HIV. Vaccines are not yet available for HIV, but ongoing research aims to develop an effective vaccine to prevent infection.