HIVGP41

HIVGP41 refers to Glycoprotein 41, a transmembrane protein found on the surface of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is one of the two main glycoproteins on the viral envelope, the other being GP120. GP41 plays a crucial role in the process of HIV entry into host cells.

GP41 is derived from a larger precursor protein, gp160, which is cleaved into GP120 and GP41 during viral maturation. GP120 is the outer glycoprotein, responsible for binding to the CD4 receptor on target cells, primarily T helper cells. Following this initial binding, GP41 undergoes conformational changes that expose a fusion peptide. This fusion peptide then inserts into the host cell membrane, facilitating the fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. This fusion event allows the viral genetic material to enter the host cell, initiating the infection cycle.

The structure and function of GP41 make it a significant target for the development of anti-HIV drugs and vaccines. Inhibitors that target the fusion process mediated by GP41 can prevent viral entry. Antibodies that neutralize HIV often target epitopes on GP41, blocking its ability to mediate fusion. Research continues to explore various strategies to disarm GP41 and prevent HIV infection.

---