Høyspenningsteknikk

Høyspenningsteknikk, translated as high voltage engineering, is a specialized field within electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy at high voltages. High voltage is typically defined as voltages exceeding a certain threshold, often around 1 kilovolt AC or 1.5 kilovolts DC, though the exact definition can vary. This field is crucial for efficient and economical transfer of large amounts of power over long distances.

The challenges in high voltage engineering stem from the inherent properties of high voltages. These include increased risk of electrical breakdown of insulating materials, which can lead to arcing and short circuits. Therefore, a significant focus is placed on insulation design, understanding dielectric phenomena, and developing effective insulation systems. This involves selecting appropriate insulating materials like porcelain, polymers, and oil, and designing their geometry to withstand the high electric fields.

Key areas within høyspenningsteknikk include the design and testing of high voltage equipment such as transformers, switchgear, circuit breakers, and cables. It also encompasses the study of transient phenomena like lightning surges and switching surges, and the development of protective measures, such as surge arresters, to safeguard electrical systems. Furthermore, the field addresses issues related to electromagnetic interference, corona discharge, and safety protocols necessary for working with high voltage systems.