Höyryreformointiin

Höyryreformointiin, known in English as steam reforming, is a widely used industrial process for producing hydrogen. It is the primary method for generating hydrogen gas, which is a crucial commodity in various chemical industries, including ammonia production and petroleum refining. The process involves reacting a hydrocarbon fuel, typically natural gas (methane), with steam at high temperatures, usually between 700-1100 degrees Celsius.

The core chemical reaction involves methane and water vapor to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This is represented by the equation: CH4 + H2O <=> CO + 3H2. This reaction is endothermic, meaning it requires heat input to proceed. The process typically takes place in a reactor filled with a catalyst, most commonly nickel-based, to facilitate the reaction and increase its efficiency.

Following the initial steam reforming step, a further reaction called the water-gas shift reaction (CO + H2O <=> CO2 + H2) is often employed to convert the carbon monoxide produced into more hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This increases the overall yield of hydrogen. The resulting mixture of gases is then purified to separate the hydrogen from other components like carbon dioxide and unreacted methane.

Steam reforming is favored due to the availability and relatively low cost of natural gas, as well as its established technology. However, the process is energy-intensive and, depending on the source of methane, can have a significant carbon footprint due to the release of carbon dioxide. Research is ongoing to develop more sustainable methods for hydrogen production.