Höftosteotomi

Höftosteotomi is a surgical procedure that involves cutting and reshaping the bones of the hip joint. It is most commonly performed to correct hip dysplasia, a condition where the hip socket (acetabulum) is too shallow to properly cover the head of the femur. This malformation can lead to instability, pain, and premature arthritis. The goal of a höftosteotomi is to improve the coverage of the femoral head by altering the orientation of the acetabulum, thereby creating a more stable and functional hip joint.

There are several types of höftosteotomi, with the most frequent being a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). In a PAO, the surgeon cuts the bone around the acetabulum, allowing it to be rotated into a more anatomical position. The repositioned bone fragment is then stabilized with screws. Other variations exist, such as a double pelvic osteotomy or a shelf procedure, depending on the specific deformity and the surgeon's approach.

The procedure is typically performed on younger patients, often adolescents or young adults, who are experiencing hip pain and functional limitations due to hip dysplasia. Preoperative planning involves detailed imaging studies, such as X-rays and CT scans, to assess the extent of the dysplasia and plan the osteotomy. Postoperatively, patients require a period of restricted weight-bearing to allow the bone to heal, followed by physical therapy to regain strength and range of motion. While successful in improving hip mechanics and delaying the need for hip replacement, complications can include nerve injury, infection, or non-union of the bone.