Gázfázis

Gázfázis refers to the gaseous state of matter. In this phase, particles have high kinetic energy and are spread far apart, moving randomly and independently. Gases have no fixed shape or volume, taking on the form and occupying the entire space of their container. The intermolecular forces between gas particles are very weak compared to their kinetic energy. This allows gases to be easily compressed and to diffuse rapidly. Common examples of substances in the gas phase include oxygen, nitrogen, and helium. The behavior of ideal gases is often described by the ideal gas law, which relates pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount of gas. Real gases deviate from ideal behavior, especially at high pressures and low temperatures, due to the presence of intermolecular forces and the finite volume of the gas particles themselves. The transition from solid or liquid to gas is called vaporization or sublimation, respectively, and requires energy input. Conversely, the transition from gas to liquid or solid is called condensation or deposition, releasing energy.