Gázembolizmus

Gázembolizmus, also known as air embolism, occurs when gas bubbles enter a blood vessel and obstruct blood flow. This can happen in various medical contexts, such as during surgery, intravenous therapy, or diving.

In medical procedures, gas can enter the bloodstream due to improper technique, equipment malfunction, or pre-existing conditions. The size and number of gas bubbles, as well as their location within the circulatory system, determine the severity of the symptoms. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening and may include chest pain, shortness of breath, neurological deficits, and cardiac arrest.

Divers are susceptible to gas embolism, particularly during rapid ascents from deep water. The rapid decrease in pressure causes dissolved gases, primarily nitrogen, to form bubbles in the bloodstream, leading to decompression sickness, often referred to as "the bends." Symptoms can include joint pain, skin rash, dizziness, and paralysis.

Treatment for gas embolism typically involves administering 100% oxygen to help the body reabsorb the gas bubbles. In severe cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used, where the patient is placed in a pressurized chamber to reduce bubble size and improve oxygen delivery to tissues. Prevention is key, especially in medical settings, through meticulous technique and careful monitoring. Divers should follow recommended ascent rates and decompression schedules to minimize risk.