Grupperad

Grupperad is a Swedish adjective meaning grouped, formed from the verb grupera (to group). In statistical and data-processing contexts, gruperad describes data that have been organized into discrete groups or class intervals rather than listed individually.

Gruperad data are summarized by counts or measurements per group, creating a frequency distribution. This contrasts with raw or ungrouped data, where each observation is reported separately. Grouping facilitates visualization and analysis, such as in histograms, bar charts, and cumulative frequency tables. It also reduces detail and can affect precision, especially if the class intervals are wide or poorly chosen.

Common forms include tables of class intervals with frequencies or relative frequencies, and the data may be summarized further using measures based on the group midpoints. The term is frequently used in education, research, and data processing to indicate that the data have been aggregated for easier handling and interpretation.

Examples include test scores grouped into intervals like 0–9, 10–19, 20–29, or height measurements binned into 150–159 cm, 160–169 cm, and so on. In practice, grouping is a preprocessing step enabled by binning numeric data or categorizing qualitative data, and it is a standard technique in statistical reporting and data visualization.

Etymology traces to the Swedish verb grupera, influenced by the English word group, reflecting its function of organizing data into groups. See also grupera, histogram, and frekvensfördelning.