Gridshells

A gridshell is a type of roof or floor structure made from a lattice of intersecting beams that form a shallow dome or shell. This structure is typically made from steel, concrete, or timber and is often used in large open spaces such as stadiums, exhibition halls, and airport terminals. The principle behind the gridshell is that the curvature of the shell allows it to span large distances without the need for internal supports. The intersecting beams create a rigid framework that distributes loads efficiently across the entire structure.

The design of a gridshell is highly efficient because it utilizes material in a way that maximizes its structural strength while minimizing its weight. The complex geometry of the intersecting members creates a double-curved surface, which is inherently stable. This stability allows for the use of relatively slender members compared to traditional beam and column construction. The construction process often involves assembling the gridshell on the ground and then lifting it into place, or building it in situ by gradually forming the curved shape.

Gridshells offer several advantages, including the ability to create large, column-free interior spaces. They are also aesthetically pleasing, with their intricate geometric patterns often becoming a prominent architectural feature. The material efficiency can also lead to cost savings. However, the complex geometry and the need for precise construction can make them more expensive and time-consuming to design and build than simpler structures. Examples of notable gridshell structures include the All-Seasons Arena in Mannheim, Germany, and the Denver International Airport's Jeppesen Terminal.