Gottesmütter

Gottesmutter is a title in German-language Christian theology that designates Mary, the mother of Jesus, as the Gottesmutter, or Mother of God. The term reflects the belief that Jesus Christ is both fully divine and fully human, and that Mary bore him in the flesh.

In practice, the title is most common in Catholic and Orthodox contexts, where Mary is honored as Theotokos (God-bearer) in Greek terminology and Theotókos in Latinized form; the German term emphasizes her role as the mother of the divine person Jesus. The plural form Gottesmütter is rare and used mainly in discussions addressing Marian devotion across traditions or in reference to multiple revered figures who bear this title.

Historically, the concept is linked to the early Christian debate over Christology that culminated in recognizing Mary as Theotokos, a doctrine affirmed by ecumenical councils. The Gottesmutter title has formed a central element of Marian devotion, theology, and liturgy in many Christian churches since antiquity.

Today, Gottesmutter appears in religious art, hymnody, and devotional practices in German-speaking Christian communities. It serves as a focal point for reflections on the mystery of the Incarnation and Mary’s role within salvation history. The usage and emphasis on Mary vary between Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant traditions, reflecting broader theological differences about Marian veneration.