Glutaraldehida

Glutaraldehida, also known as glutaraldehyde, is an organic dialdehyde commonly used as a disinfectant, sterilant, and tissue fixative. Its chemical formula is C5H8O2 (pentanedial), with the structure OHC-(CH2)3-CHO. In aqueous solutions it exists mainly as hydrated and polymerized forms, and it is typically handled as a stabilized liquid with a characteristic pungent odor.

Glutaraldehida is highly reactive with nucleophiles, particularly amino groups in proteins. Through crosslinking of proteins, it preserves cellular and tissue morphology while inactivating many microorganisms. This crosslinking property underpins its widespread use in biomedical and industrial settings, and it is valued for its effectiveness at relatively moderate temperatures.

Applications of glutaraldehida include high-level disinfection and sterilization of heat-sensitive medical and dental instruments, where it allows for sterilization without steam or dry heat. It is also used as a tissue fixative in histology and pathology to preserve cellular structure for microscopic examination. Additional uses include certain leather and textile processing applications, as well as some dental and laboratory procedures that require protein crosslinking or preservation.

Safety and handling are important considerations. Glutaraldehida is irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes and can cause sensitization or asthma with repeated or high-level exposure. It is typically used in well-ventilated areas or enclosed systems with appropriate personal protective equipment. Solutions are often stabilized to minimize odor and uncontrolled polymerization, and proper storage away from incompatible substances is recommended. Proper disposal and regulatory compliance are required due to its hazardous nature.