Glukuronidacija

Glukuronidacija is a metabolic process that occurs primarily in the liver, but also in other tissues, as a crucial step in the detoxification and elimination of various compounds from the body. It is a type of conjugation reaction where glucuronic acid, a derivative of glucose, is attached to a substrate molecule. This process is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).

The main purpose of glukuronidacija is to increase the water solubility of lipophilic (fat-soluble) substances. Many drugs, toxins, bilirubin (a breakdown product of red blood cells), and steroid hormones are poorly soluble in water, making them difficult to excrete by the kidneys. By conjugating these molecules with glucuronic acid, they become more hydrophilic, allowing them to be readily eliminated in urine or bile. This detoxification pathway is essential for preventing the accumulation of harmful substances in the body.

The process involves the transfer of glucuronic acid from its activated form, uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), to the substrate. The resulting glucuronide conjugate is generally inactive and readily excreted. Glukuronidacija plays a vital role in the metabolism and clearance of a wide array of endogenous and exogenous compounds, contributing significantly to maintaining homeostasis and protecting the organism from toxic effects.