Glukoositasoa

Glukoositasoa (glucose tolerance) is the body's ability to regulate blood glucose after ingestion of carbohydrates. It reflects how effectively the pancreas secretes insulin and how responsive the body's tissues are to insulin. Normal glucose tolerance indicates that glucose enters the bloodstream and is cleared efficiently after a glucose load.

Measurement is usually performed with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). After a period of fasting, the patient drinks a glucose solution (commonly 75 grams for adults). Blood samples are taken at baseline and again after 2 hours to measure plasma glucose; some protocols also take a sample at 1 hour. The test is used to diagnose diabetes and prediabetes and is also employed to assess gestational diabetes in pregnancy, which may use different glucose loads and thresholds depending on guidelines.

Interpretation typically follows established thresholds, which can vary by organization. In many guidelines for a 75 g OGTT, normal results are fasting glucose below about 5.6 mmol/L and a 2-hour value below about 7.8 mmol/L. An impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) classification commonly has a 2-hour value between roughly 7.8 and 11.0 mmol/L. Diabetes is diagnosed if the fasting glucose is at or above 7.0 mmol/L or the 2-hour value is at or above 11.1 mmol/L. Gestational diabetes uses specific criteria that may differ, such as lower fasting and 2-hour thresholds.

Significance: reduced glukoositasoa is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, while maintaining normal glucose tolerance is associated with lower future health risks. Management focuses on lifestyle changes, weight control, and, when needed, medications.