Gliedmaßenfehlbildungen

Gliedmaßenfehlbildungen, also known as limb malformations, are congenital conditions affecting the development of the arms or legs. These can range from minor differences in size or shape to the complete absence of a limb. They occur during embryonic development, typically in the first trimester of pregnancy, when the limb buds are forming. The exact causes are often unknown, but genetic factors, environmental exposures like certain medications or infections, and maternal health conditions can play a role.

Common types of limb malformations include amelia (complete absence of a limb), meromelia (partial absence of a limb), syndactyly (fusion of fingers or toes), polydactyly (extra fingers or toes), and hypoplasia (underdevelopment of a limb or part of a limb). These conditions can affect one or both sides of the body and can involve the upper or lower extremities.

Diagnosis is usually made at birth, but prenatal ultrasound can sometimes detect severe malformations before birth. Treatment and management depend on the specific type and severity of the malformation. This may involve surgical interventions to correct or improve function, prosthetic devices, or physical and occupational therapy. The goal is to maximize the individual's functional independence and quality of life. Support for families is also an important aspect of care.