Ginglymus

Ginglymus, or ginglymoid joint, is a category of synovial joints that function as hinges. The term comes from Greek for hinge. In a ginglymus joint, the articular surfaces are shaped to permit movement predominantly in one plane, enabling flexion and extension, with little or no axial rotation in the closed-packed position. The arrangement is often convex on one side articulating with a concave counterpart, augmented by a fibrous joint capsule and strong collateral ligaments that restrict sideways movement.

Common examples are the elbow joint (humero-ulnar) and the interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes. The knee is sometimes described as a ginglymus joint because its primary motion is flexion and extension, although it allows limited rotation of the tibia relative to the femur when flexed. The ankle joint, particularly the talocrural articulation, is also classified as a ginglymus joint in many anatomical texts.

Clinical relevance: ginglymus joints are susceptible to injuries that affect stability, such as ligament sprains and dislocations, and to degenerative changes that reduce the range of motion. Understanding the hinge-like mechanics helps in diagnosing movement limitations and planning surgical or rehabilitative approaches.