Gigtanfald

Gigtanfald, often referred to as a gout attack, is a sudden and severe episode of joint pain, inflammation, and redness. This condition is caused by a buildup of uric acid in the body, which can form needle-like crystals in the joints. Uric acid is a waste product that forms when the body breaks down purines, substances found in certain foods and produced naturally by the body. When the kidneys cannot effectively excrete enough uric acid, or when the body produces too much, hyperuricemia occurs, increasing the risk of gout.

The most common joint affected by a gigtanfald is the big toe, though other joints such as the ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers can also be involved. The pain typically begins suddenly, often at night, and can be excruciating. During an attack, the affected joint may become swollen, warm to the touch, and intensely red. The skin over the joint may appear shiny. Gigtanfald can last for a few days to a couple of weeks if left untreated.

Factors that can trigger a gigtanfald include consuming purine-rich foods and beverages such as red meat, organ meats, certain seafood, and alcohol (especially beer). Dehydration, certain medications, physical trauma to a joint, and underlying medical conditions like kidney disease or high blood pressure are also known triggers. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests such as blood uric acid levels or analysis of joint fluid. Treatment aims to relieve pain and inflammation during an attack and to prevent future episodes by lowering uric acid levels.