Gestagener

Gestagener is a term used mainly in German-language pharmacology to denote substances with progestogenic activity, i.e., agents that mimic or activate the effects of the natural hormone progesterone. In English-language contexts the related terms progestogen or progestin are more common, while gestagen is sometimes used as a broader class label. The class includes natural progesterone as well as synthetic compounds designed to exert similar effects.

Biological role and mechanism

Gestagener bind to progesterone receptors in target tissues such as the endometrium and the brain. In the endometrium they promote differentiation and secretory changes necessary for potential implantation. They also provide negative feedback to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, helping to suppress ovulation during the luteal phase and in medical indications. Through these actions gestagener help regulate the menstrual cycle and sustain early pregnancy, and they can modulate various other tissues where progesterone receptors are present.

Medical uses

Gestagener are used in contraception, both in combination with estrogens and in progestin-only formulations. They are also employed in hormone replacement therapy to protect the endometrium when estrogen is given, and to support luteal phase in assisted reproductive technologies. Additional indications include treatment of conditions such as abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and sometimes menopausal symptoms, depending on the formulation and dosage.

Forms and safety

Synthetic gestagener (progestins) vary in receptor affinity, metabolic profile, and side effects. Common considerations include headaches, breast tenderness, mood changes, and, in some formulations, an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism. Decisions about specific gestagener are guided by medical history, cardiovascular risk, cancer risk, and treatment goals.

See also

Progestogen, Progestin, Estrogen, Endometrium, Hormone replacement therapy.