Geològiques

Geològiques is the Catalan term for geology, the scientific study of the Earth, its materials, structure, processes, and history. It seeks to understand how rocks form, how landscapes change, and how the planet evolved through time.

The field encompasses the study of rocks and minerals (petrology, mineralogy), fossils (paleontology), rock succession (stratigraphy), crustal processes (tectonics), Earth's surface processes (geomorphology), groundwater and soils (hydrogeology, pedology), and geochemistry and geophysics. It also includes the use of geological time scales to interpret ancient environments.

Geologists employ field mapping and sample collection, laboratory analyses (petrography, geochronology), and remote sensing. Geophysical methods such as seismic reflection, gravity, and magnetic surveys help image subsurface structures. Modern practice relies on GIS, computer modeling, and data sharing.

Applications include locating and managing minerals, energy resources, and groundwater; assessing natural hazards (earthquakes, volcanism, landslides); evaluating environmental impacts; informing land-use planning and conservation; and reconstructing climate history from rocks and sediments.

Education typically leads to bachelor, master, or doctorate in geology or earth sciences. Geologists work in academia, industry (mineral and petroleum sectors), government agencies, museums, and consulting, often collaborating with other sciences and engineers.