Geofizika

Geofizika is the study of the Earth's physical processes and properties using quantitative physical methods. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including seismology, gravity, geomagnetism, geodesy, and geothermics. Geofizika aims to understand the Earth's structure, composition, and dynamics, from its interior to its surface and atmosphere.

Seismology, for instance, investigates earthquakes and seismic waves to map the Earth's internal layers and detect subsurface structures. Gravimetry measures variations in the Earth's gravitational field, providing insights into mass distribution and density anomalies. Geomagnetism studies the Earth's magnetic field, its origins, and its historical variations, which is crucial for navigation and understanding the planet's core. Geodesy focuses on measuring and understanding the Earth's geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravitational field. Geothermics explores the thermal regime of the Earth, including heat flow from the interior.

Geophysical methods are applied in various fields, such as mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, groundwater detection, geological hazard assessment (like earthquakes and volcanic activity), environmental monitoring, and archaeological investigations. By analyzing data collected from instruments like seismometers, gravimeters, magnetometers, and GPS receivers, geophysicists create models and interpretations of the Earth's subsurface. These models help us comprehend geological processes, predict natural phenomena, and manage Earth's resources more effectively. The interdisciplinary nature of geophysics also involves close collaboration with geology, physics, mathematics, and computer science.