Genitaltrakt

The term genitaltrakt refers to the internal organs of the reproductive system through which gametes are produced, transported, fertilized, and, in females, a fetus develops. In humans it is typically considered separately from the external genitalia and from the urinary tract, though the two systems are anatomically close.

In males, the genital tract includes the testes, where sperm are produced, the epididymis where they mature, the vas deferens and ejaculatory ducts that convey sperm, and the urethra through which semen is expelled. Accessory glands such as the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands contribute fluids to form semen. This tract functions to produce, store, and transport sperm, culminating in ejaculation.

In females, the genital tract comprises the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The ovaries produce oocytes and hormones; the fallopian tubes transport the oocyte to the uterus, where a fertilized egg may implant into the endometrium. The uterus supports gestation, and the vagina serves as the birth canal and a passage for sexual intercourse. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes under hormonal control, preparing for potential implantation.

The genital tract is lined by mucous membranes and interacts with the immune system and resident microbiota, contributing to protection against infection. Clinical relevance includes infections, inflammations, congenital anomalies, and cancers affecting any part of the tract. Diagnostic approaches encompass physical examination, imaging (such as ultrasound or MRI), endoscopy, and laboratory testing.