Genflæði

Genflæði is a Danish term that translates to "reflux" in English. It refers to the abnormal backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. This condition is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a more chronic and severe form of reflux.

The primary cause of genflæði is a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that normally prevents stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus. When the LES weakens or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid and other contents can flow back, causing a burning sensation in the chest known as heartburn. Other symptoms can include regurgitation of food or sour liquid, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and a feeling of a lump in the throat.

While occasional genflæði is common and usually not serious, persistent symptoms can indicate GERD. Factors that can exacerbate genflæði include certain foods and drinks (such as fatty foods, chocolate, alcohol, and caffeine), obesity, pregnancy, and smoking.

Diagnosis often involves a review of symptoms and medical history. In some cases, further tests like endoscopy or a 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring may be performed. Treatment strategies typically focus on lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes, weight loss, and avoiding trigger foods. Medications, including antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, are also commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production. In severe or persistent cases, surgery to strengthen the LES may be considered.