Gasseksport

Gas export refers to the sale and shipment of natural gas produced in one country to customers in other countries. Exports are delivered primarily by two modalities: pipeline gas, transported through cross-border pipelines, and liquefied natural gas (LNG), shipped in specialized tankers and regasified at the destination. The choice of modality depends on distance, geography, market demand, and the available infrastructure. Gas exports require secure transportation routes, sufficient production and export capacity, and compatible receiving facilities or interconnections.

Pricing and contracts have evolved from long-term, oil-indexed arrangements to more market-based mechanisms, with benchmarks and indices guiding prices in different regions. The global gas trade relies on a mix of regulation, trading hubs, and bilateral agreements. Infrastructure includes pipelines, LNG terminals, and the liquefaction and regasification facilities that connect producing regions to consuming markets. Transit routes and geopolitical factors can influence export capacity and the security of supply.

Geopolitics and energy security play significant roles in gas export, affecting policy decisions, pricing, and investment. Disruptions to supply or disputes over transit can lead to price volatility and strategic realignments. From an environmental perspective, natural gas emits less CO2 than coal or oil when combusted, but methane leaks and lifecycle emissions remain concerns. As part of broader energy transition efforts, gas is often viewed as a flexible, lower-emission bridge fuel that supports electricity generation and grid stability while renewable resources scale up. International regulations and export licensing further shape cross-border gas trade and market access.