Gasotransmitteria

Gasotransmitteria refers to a class of endogenous gaseous signaling molecules that play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes within living organisms. These molecules, unlike classical neurotransmitters that are stored in vesicles and released upon stimulation, are small, highly diffusible gases that can rapidly cross cell membranes. The primary gasotransmitters identified to date are nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in vasodilation, neurotransmission, and immune responses. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been implicated in neuromodulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and cell survival. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known for its role in cardiovascular regulation, neurotransmission, and as an antioxidant. These gases are synthesized enzymatically within cells and exert their effects by interacting with specific protein targets, such as enzymes and transcription factors, thereby modulating cellular function.

The concept of gasotransmitteria emerged from observations that these simple gases could elicit complex biological responses. Their discovery and characterization have significantly expanded our understanding of cellular communication and signaling pathways. Research into gasotransmitters continues to uncover new physiological functions and potential therapeutic applications in a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory conditions. The study of gasotransmitteria highlights the intricate and often surprising mechanisms by which biological systems maintain homeostasis and respond to stimuli.