GasExploration

Gas exploration is the process of locating and evaluating natural gas deposits for potential development. It encompasses both conventional reservoirs, where gas collects in porous rock with adequate pressure, and unconventional resources such as shale gas, tight gas, and coalbed methane that require specialized extraction techniques.

The exploration workflow typically begins with desk studies, regional geology, and basin analysis to identify prospective areas. Geophysical surveys, especially seismic reflection, are used to image subsurface structures and assess trap integrity and reservoir potential. Geologists evaluate stratigraphy, source rocks, migration pathways, and reservoir quality, while geochemical data and drilling results help confirm the presence of gas and estimate resources.

Drilling tests are conducted to evaluate reservoir properties, pressure, temperature, permeability, and deliverability. If results are favorable, an appraisal program broadens the well network to quantify reserves and inform development plans. Resources are classified according to confidence levels (for example proved, probable, and possible) and aligned with regulatory reporting standards.

Operations can be onshore or offshore and must address environmental and safety considerations, including management of drilling waste, protection of groundwater, methane emissions, and, in certain contexts, induced seismicity from fracturing activities. Regulatory frameworks require permits, environmental impact assessments, and stakeholder engagement.

Technological advances—such as 3D and 4D seismic, vertical and horizontal drilling, multistage fracturing, and integrated subsurface modeling—have expanded exploration into challenging basins and unconventional plays. Economic factors, including gas pricing, infrastructure, and policy, influence whether identified resources progress to production.