Garland

A garland is a wreath or chain of flowers, leaves, or other materials that is worn or hung for decoration or as a symbol of honor or celebration. Garlands can be floral, leafy, fruit-based, or composed of beads, paper, or fabric. They are typically arranged on a flexible strand to be worn around the neck or placed as a decorative installation.

Construction and materials: Floral garlands are usually made by threading blossoms on a cord or wire; leaf garlands use evergreen or broad leaves; fruit garlands use edible items like bananas or oranges. Artificial garlands may use silk flowers, plastic leaves, beads, or ribbons. Fresh garlands require water or humidity; dried garlands preserve longer but may shed.

History and cultural use: Garlands have ancient roots in Greece, Rome, and across Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They have been used to honor victors, welcome guests, or accompany religious rites. In Hinduism and Buddhism, garlands (mala or malas) are offered to deities and worn by participants. In Hawaii, the lei functions as a token of welcome or celebration; in Greece and Rome laurel or olive wreaths signified achievement; in some Southeast Asian traditions garlands are used in weddings and temple ceremonies.

Modern usage and care: Garlands are common in festivals, weddings, political events, and home decor. Fresh garlands are perishable; dried or artificial garlands retain form longer but may lose fragrance. As a verb, to garland means to adorn with a garland.