Gardiasis

Gardiasis refers to a gastrointestinal illness caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia. Also known as giardiasis intestinalis or lambliasis, it is one of the most common waterborne diseases worldwide. The parasite exists in two forms: a motile trophozoite and an environmentally resistant cyst. Infection occurs when a person ingests Giardia cysts, typically through contaminated water or food, or by contact with fecal matter. Outbreaks can occur in areas with inadequate sanitation or contaminated water sources, such as daycare centers or recreational water bodies.

Symptoms of giardiasis can vary but commonly include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, gas, and nausea. Some individuals may be asymptomatic carriers. The incubation period can range from a few days to several weeks. Diagnosis is usually made through stool sample examination to detect Giardia cysts or trophozoites. While many cases resolve on their own, treatment with antiparasitic medications is often prescribed to alleviate symptoms and prevent further spread. Proper hygiene, including thorough handwashing and safe water practices, is crucial for preventing giardiasis.