Ganzfeldkísérletek

Ganzfeldkísérletek refer to a class of experiments designed to investigate extrasensory perception (ESP), particularly telepathy. The term "Ganzfeld" is German and translates to "all-field" or "total field." The core principle of a Ganzfeld experiment is to reduce sensory input to the participants, thereby creating a state of sensory deprivation. This is typically achieved by having the receiver wear translucent goggles to diffuse light and block out visual stimuli, and often wear headphones emitting white noise to mask auditory input. The receiver then relaxes in a quiet, dimly lit room.

Meanwhile, a sender in another location is presented with a target stimulus, such as an image or a video clip, which they are instructed to concentrate on and mentally send to the receiver. The receiver's task is to describe any thoughts, images, or feelings that come to mind during a set period. After the session, the receiver is presented with a selection of stimuli, one of which is the actual target, and asked to identify which one best matches their experience. A successful outcome is defined as the receiver's ability to identify the correct target significantly more often than chance would predict.

Ganzfeld experiments have been a subject of considerable debate within the scientific community. Proponents argue that meta-analyses of numerous Ganzfeld studies show statistically significant results that are difficult to explain by chance alone, suggesting the existence of ESP. Critics, however, point to potential methodological flaws, such as sensory leakage, improper randomization, or inadequate blinding procedures, which could bias the results. The replicability of positive findings has also been a point of contention. Despite ongoing research and discussion, the scientific consensus on the validity of Ganzfeld experiments and the existence of ESP remains divided.