Galungan

Galungan is a major festival in Balinese Hinduism observed on the island of Bali. It commemorates the victory of dharma over adharma and marks the day when ancestral spirits are believed to descend to the earthly realm to visit the living. The celebration recurs every 210 days according to the Balinese Pawukon calendar and is typically followed by Kuningan, ten days later, when the spirits return to the heavens.

On Galungan, temples and homes are decorated and families perform prayers and offerings to honor ancestors. A distinctive feature is the erection of penjor—tall bamboo poles curved at the top and decorated with coconut leaves, fruit, flowers, and other offerings—that line streets and temple courtyards. Offerings placed at family shrines commonly include palm-leaf baskets of rice, fruits, cakes, and symbolic items. The day before, known as Penampahan Galungan, is often devoted to additional offerings and preparations.

Ceremonies may include temple rites, dances, and processions, and visiting relatives to conduct prayers together. While Galungan is widely celebrated across Bali, practices and the length of festivities can vary by village. The festival is a prominent feature of Balinese life during the season, with Penjor and temple rituals forming a characteristic visual backdrop for residents and visitors alike.