Gagreflexens

Gagreflexens (the gag reflex) is a protective oropharyngeal reflex that helps prevent choking by triggering a coordinated pharyngeal and laryngeal response to stimulation of sensitive areas at the back of the mouth. It is typically elicited by touches to the posterior tongue, soft palate, or pharyngeal walls.

The afferent limb is carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the brainstem; the efferent limb travels via the vagus nerve (CN X) and other pharyngeal nerves to constrictors of the pharynx and close the airway. The reflex is usually bilateral but may vary in strength.

In healthy individuals, gag reflexes are present at birth and show substantial interindividual variability. A diminished gag reflex can occur with certain neurological disorders or after head and neck injuries, while hypersensitivity is common during dental procedures and can be managed with desensitization, topical anesthesia, or distraction.

Clinicians assess the gag reflex as part of cranial nerve testing and to evaluate brainstem function. For procedures that risk induction of gag, strategies include gradual exposure, topical anesthetics, and, when necessary, sedation to improve patient comfort and safety.