GTF2F2

GTF2F2 is a gene that encodes the small subunit of transcription factor IIF (TFIIF), a general transcription factor essential for RNA polymerase II–mediated transcription. In humans and many other eukaryotes, GTF2F2 forms a functional heterodimer with GTF2F1 to constitute the TFIIF complex.

Functionally, TFIIF assists in the formation of the preinitiation complex at gene promoters. The GTF2F2–GTF2F1 heterodimer binds RNA polymerase II and promoter DNA, aiding promoter recognition and stabilizing the complex. It also helps suppress non-specific DNA binding by Pol II and facilitates promoter escape into productive elongation, working in concert with other factors such as TBP and TFIIB. The subunits together influence the assembly and dynamics of the transcription initiation machinery.

Structure and interactions, GTF2F2 encodes the smaller subunit of TFIIF. The GTF2F2 protein forms a stable complex with GTF2F1 and interacts with RNA Pol II as well as other basal transcription factors, including TBP, TFIIB, and TFIIE, reflecting its integrated role in Pol II transcription initiation.

Expression and evolution, GTF2F2 is broadly expressed across tissues and is highly conserved in eukaryotes. Orthologous subunits are found in organisms ranging from yeast to humans; in yeast, the corresponding subunits are Tfg1 and Tfg2, illustrating the deep evolutionary conservation of TFIIF.

Clinical and research notes, due to its essential role in transcription initiation, alterations in GTF2F2 or its complex can impact global transcription. GTF2F2 is a subject of study in investigations of transcription initiation mechanisms and RNA polymerase II dynamics.