Fütohormoonide

Fütohormoonid, or plant hormones, are chemical substances produced by plants that regulate various physiological processes. These hormones are essential for plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. There are five primary classes of fütohormoonid: auxiinid, giberelliinid, tsütokiniinid, absisiihapid, and etüüniinid.

Auxiinid, such as indool-3-etsüül-asiinhapet (IAA), promote cell elongation and differentiation, influencing processes like phototropism and gravitropism. Giberelliinid, like gibberelliin A3 (GA3), stimulate seed germination, stem elongation, and bolting. Tsütokiniinid, including kinniinid and zeatiinid, are involved in cell division and differentiation, influencing processes like fruit development and abscission. Absiisiihapid, such as absiisiihapet (ABA), regulate seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and response to stress. Etüüniinid, like 2,4-dikloorfenüütsüaniinhapet (2,4-D), are synthetic auxiinid used in agriculture for weed control and plant growth regulation.

Fütohormoonid play crucial roles in plant physiology, including root initiation, flower development, and fruit ripening. They also interact with each other, creating a complex hormonal balance that influences plant growth and development. Understanding fütohormoonid is essential for agricultural practices, such as optimizing crop yields and developing stress-resistant plants. Further research is ongoing to elucidate the mechanisms and interactions of fütohormoonid, aiming to enhance plant productivity and sustainability.