Földigiliszták

Földigiliszták, commonly known as earthworms, are segmented invertebrates belonging to the phylum Annelida. They are found in soil all over the world, playing a crucial role in soil health and fertility. Their bodies are typically elongated and cylindrical, divided into numerous segments. This segmentation allows for flexible movement, enabling them to burrow through the soil.

Earthworms are detritivores, meaning they feed on decaying organic matter. They ingest soil and extract nutrients from the organic material present. As they digest this material, they excrete it as nutrient-rich castings, which significantly improve soil structure and fertility. These castings help aerate the soil and increase its water-holding capacity, benefiting plant growth.

Reproduction in earthworms is typically hermaphroditic, with each individual possessing both male and female reproductive organs. However, they usually require a partner for cross-fertilization. They lay their eggs in cocoons, which are then deposited in the soil. The number of offspring and their development time depend on environmental factors like temperature and moisture.

Earthworms are sensitive to environmental conditions, particularly moisture and temperature. Extreme dryness or cold can be fatal. Their presence is often an indicator of healthy soil ecosystems. They are an important food source for many animals, including birds, moles, and some insects, contributing to the wider food web. Their ecological significance extends beyond nutrient cycling to supporting biodiversity.