Fénymikroszkópia

Fénymikroszkópia, also known as light microscopy or optical microscopy, is a fundamental technique used to observe and study small objects and details that are not visible to the naked eye. It utilizes visible light and a system of lenses to magnify the image of a specimen. The basic principle involves illuminating the sample, typically with a light source positioned below the stage, and then passing this light through one or more objective lenses and an eyepiece lens. Each lens contributes to the overall magnification, allowing the observer to see structures at a much larger scale.

There are several common types of fénymikroszkópia. The simplest is the bright-field microscope, where the specimen is viewed against a bright background. In contrast, dark-field microscopy illuminates the specimen from the sides, making unstained or transparent samples appear bright against a dark background. Phase-contrast microscopy is useful for observing unstained, living cells by exploiting differences in the refractive index of cellular components. Fluorescence microscopy uses the property of fluorescence, where certain molecules emit light when excited by specific wavelengths, to visualize specific structures or molecules within a sample. Confocal microscopy is an advanced technique that uses a pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light, resulting in sharper images and the ability to create optical sections of a specimen. Fénymikroszkópia is widely applied in biology, medicine, materials science, and various research fields.