Fázistorzítások

Fázistorzítások, also known as phase distortion, refers to unwanted changes in the phase relationship between different frequency components of a signal. This distortion occurs in electronic circuits and audio equipment. Ideally, a system should preserve the original phase of all frequency components, meaning that a sine wave input at a certain frequency should produce a sine wave output at the same frequency with only its amplitude potentially modified. However, in real-world systems, especially those involving reactive components like capacitors and inductors, the phase shift introduced by the system is not constant across all frequencies.

When the phase shift varies with frequency, it means that different frequency components within a complex signal will be delayed by different amounts. This can lead to a smearing or blurring of sharp transients and a change in the perceived timbre of sounds. For example, in audio reproduction, fázistorzítások can make a signal sound less clear or "muddy" because the timing of various harmonics relative to the fundamental frequency is altered. In digital signal processing, phase distortion is particularly relevant when using filters, as these operations inherently introduce phase shifts. While amplitude response is often the primary concern, phase response plays a crucial role in preserving the integrity of time-domain signals and the accurate reconstruction of waveforms. Minimizing fázistorzítások is often a design goal in high-fidelity audio systems and sensitive measurement equipment.