Futurumpassiv

Futurumpassiv is a theoretical grammatical category describing a future-oriented passive construction. It combines the notions of futurity and passive voice to indicate that an action will affect the subject or an entity related to the subject in the future. The term appears mainly in linguistic theory and in constructed-language discussions, and it is not widely attested as a distinct category in natural languages.

Realizations of futurumpassiv can vary. In analytic (periphrastic) systems, it is often realized by a future tense auxiliary combined with a passive participle, as in a language that would render “The house will be built” with a future passive nuance. In synthetic systems, a dedicated futurumpassive form may attach directly to the verb’s passive stem, producing a single morpheme that marks both futurity and passive voice. Some proposals emphasize a focus on the affected entity and a reduced emphasis on the agent.

Semantics and pragmatics of futurumpassiv commonly include scheduled events, inevitable outcomes, or actions that are expected to occur to the patient. The construction may interact with aspect, evidentiality, or modality to convey certainty, obligation, or likelihood, depending on the language.

Cross-linguistic status is debated; there is no broad consensus that natural languages encode a distinct futurumpassiv category. The concept is useful for analyzing languages with combined future and passive semantics and for developing artificial grammars in conlangs.

Example: in a hypothetical language X, the suffix -uf on a passive stem marks futurumpassiv, yielding a form meaning “will be opened” (the door will be opened). See also: Passive voice, Future tense, Periphrasis, Constructed languages.