Fullones

Fullones refer to a type of traditional textile processing method used to cleanse and soften fabrics, particularly cotton and linen, by immersing them in a soapy solution followed by mechanical agitation. The term originates from the Old French word "fulon," which described the person who performed this task. Historically, fulling was a crucial step in garment production, ensuring that fabrics were durable, free of impurities, and comfortable to wear.

The process typically involved several stages. First, the fabric was soaked in a lye or soap solution to loosen dirt and oils. Next, it was beaten with wooden hammers or rolled between heavy rollers to compress and clean the fibers. This mechanical action also helped to shrink the fabric, making it denser and more resistant to wear. Fulling was often performed in a communal setting, such as a fulling mill, where water power was used to drive the machinery.

While fulling was essential in the pre-industrial era, modern textile production has largely replaced it with chemical treatments and industrial washing machines. However, some artisans and small-scale producers still use traditional fulling techniques to create high-quality, handcrafted textiles. The method remains a symbol of traditional craftsmanship and a key part of heritage textile practices in certain regions. Today, fulling is also practiced as a form of eco-friendly textile processing, appealing to those seeking sustainable and chemical-free alternatives.