Fullerenite

Fullerenite is a crystalline form of fullerene molecules. Fullerenes, also known as buckyballs, are allotropes of carbon that consist of atoms arranged in a spherical, elliptical, or hollow sphere structure. Fullerenite specifically refers to the solid state of these molecules, where they are packed together in a regular, crystalline lattice. The most common fullerene is C60, which has a structure resembling a soccer ball. When these C60 molecules crystallize, they form fullerene solids, often referred to as fullerene crystals or fullerene solids.

These materials exhibit unique electronic and optical properties due to the delocalized pi electrons within the fullerene cages. Fullerenites can be synthesized through various methods, including vapor deposition and solution crystallization. The properties of fullerene solids depend on the specific fullerene molecule (e.g., C60, C70) and the arrangement of these molecules in the crystal lattice. For instance, doping fullerene solids with alkali metals can lead to superconductivity.

Research into fullerenites has explored their potential applications in areas such as organic electronics, photovoltaics, and as catalysts. Their distinct cage-like structure and electronic properties make them interesting candidates for advanced material science. The study of fullerene solids contributes to a broader understanding of carbon allotropes and their versatile applications.