Fucans

Fucans are a class of sulfated polysaccharides found predominantly in brown algae. Their structure is characterized by a backbone of repeating alpha-(1,3)-linked L-fucopyranose units, with varying degrees and positions of sulfation. The presence and pattern of these sulfate groups are crucial for the biological activities of fucans.

These complex carbohydrates are known for their diverse biological properties, including anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor activities. The anticoagulant effect is often attributed to their ability to bind to antithrombin III and other coagulation factors, similar to heparin.

The extraction and purification of fucans from brown algae involve various chemical and enzymatic methods. The specific composition and structure of fucans can vary significantly depending on the species of algae, the extraction conditions, and the geographic origin. This structural variability directly influences their biological functions.

Fucans have garnered considerable interest in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries due to their potential therapeutic applications. Research continues to explore their mechanisms of action and to develop them as novel drugs and functional food ingredients.