Fruktans

Fruktans are a group of carbohydrates that belong to the oligosaccharide family. They are composed of repeating fructose units linked by beta linkages. Fruktans are commonly found in a variety of plants, including grains like wheat and barley, as well as in vegetables such as onions, garlic, and leeks. These compounds serve as a storage form of energy for plants, particularly during winter months.

In the human diet, fruktans are considered a type of dietary fiber. However, they are not digested by enzymes in the small intestine due to the specific beta linkages. Instead, they pass through to the large intestine where they are fermented by gut bacteria. This fermentation process can produce short-chain fatty acids, which are beneficial for gut health, but it can also lead to the production of gas.

For some individuals, particularly those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), consuming foods high in fruktans can trigger symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits. This is because they are classified as FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols), which are known to cause digestive distress in sensitive individuals. Dietary management for IBS often involves reducing the intake of high-fructan foods.