Freilegung

Freilegung is a term used primarily in German to denote the process of exposing something that was buried, covered, or hidden. Etymologically, it combines frei (free) and legen (to lay), meaning the act of laying something bare or freeing it from its covering.

In archaeology and paleontology, freilegung refers to the careful uncovering of finds within their stratigraphic context. The process aims to reveal objects, features, or fossils with minimal disturbance, followed by recording of position, association, and conditions, and subsequent conservation.

In art conservation and architectural history, freilegung describes the removal of earth, plaster, rubble, or protective coverings to reveal sculptures, reliefs, paintings, or architectural details. This work is typically carried out by conservators and requires sensitive, non-invasive techniques and documentation to preserve the original material and context.

In geology and construction archaeology, freilegung can denote exposing geological layers or built structures during investigations or development projects. It may necessitate temporary stabilization and ongoing monitoring to prevent damage to fragile finds.

Legal and ethical aspects include adherence to cultural heritage laws, obtaining permits, minimizing disturbance, and thorough documentation. Freilegung often involves decisions about preservation versus excavation, with considerations for provenance, future study, and potential repatriation. See also excavation, conservation, and cultural heritage management.