Fregoli

Fregoli is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a delusional belief that familiar people, places, or objects have been replaced by identical impostors. This phenomenon is a type of delusional misidentification syndrome, a group of conditions where individuals experience false beliefs about the identity of those around them or their surroundings. The belief in impostors is often rigidly held and resistant to rational explanation.

The disorder is named after Leopoldo Fregoli, an Italian actor known for his ability to impersonate others. While the exact cause of Fregoli syndrome is not fully understood, it is often associated with underlying neurological conditions such as brain injury, stroke, epilepsy, or neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease or Lewy body dementia. It can also occur in psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Individuals experiencing Fregoli syndrome may exhibit distress, anxiety, and paranoia due to their firm conviction that they are interacting with impostors. They might become suspicious of loved ones or familiar environments, leading to social withdrawal and strained relationships. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough neurological and psychiatric evaluation to identify any underlying causes and assess the extent of the delusion. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying condition and employing antipsychotic medications or behavioral therapies to help individuals cope with their beliefs and reduce associated distress.