Fra2

Fra-2, also known as FOS-like antigen 2, is a member of the Fos family of transcription factors. The human gene FOSL2 encodes Fra-2. Fra-2 proteins function as components of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, typically forming heterodimers with Jun family proteins. Once dimerized, AP-1 binds to DNA at AP-1 response elements and regulates transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and response to stress.

Expression and regulation: Fra-2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and is induced by mitogenic signals, cytokines, and stress. Phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) can modulate Fra-2 stability and transcriptional activity, linking extracellular signals to gene expression.

Structure and variants: The FOSL2 gene produces multiple transcript variants via alternative splicing, encoding Fra-2 isoforms that share the basic leucine zipper DNA-binding domain.

Biological roles: In development and physiology, Fra-2 participates in processes such as immune cell function and tissue remodeling; in model systems, altering Fra-2 levels affects proliferation and differentiation of certain cell types. In disease contexts, aberrant AP-1 activity involving Fra-2 has been studied in cancer and inflammatory conditions, though exact roles are context-dependent.

Related concepts: AP-1 transcription factor, Fos family, Jun family, FOSL2 gene.